The Cheyenne Exodus 1878
On June 25, 1876, the Northern Cheyenne were present at the Battle of the Little Big Horn and had contributed to the defeat of General Armstrong Custer's troops. As a result, they were pursued by the U.S. military until they surrendered. One of the conditions of their surrender was that they joined their southern brethren in the Indian Nation at the Darlington Indian Agency.
During the summer of 1877, a large band of approximately one thousand Northern Cheyennes moved southward in the direction of Fort Dodge on their way to Indian Territory. The Cheyennes were being transferred from the Red Cloud Agency of the Dakotas under government supervision. They had participated in the Battle of the Little Big Horn the preceding year. Several braves still wore clothing taken while counting coup against the men of General Custer's United States Seventh Cavalry.
When the Indians camped near Fort Dodge in late July on their way to Camp Supply, many residents of Dodge City turned out to view the red man in his natural state. To complement the residents of Dodge City's visits to Fort Dodge, many of the Cheyennes spent several days in town going door-to-door, begging and periodically performing native dances for the gratification of their curious hosts. Unknown to the Dodge citizens, they would later have a second opportunity to behold many of these same Indians, but under considerably less amicable circumstances.
During the summer of 1877, a large band of approximately one thousand Northern Cheyennes moved southward in the direction of Fort Dodge on their way to Indian Territory. The Cheyennes were being transferred from the Red Cloud Agency of the Dakotas under government supervision. They had participated in the Battle of the Little Big Horn the preceding year. Several braves still wore clothing taken while counting coup against the men of General Custer's United States Seventh Cavalry.
When the Indians camped near Fort Dodge in late July on their way to Camp Supply, many residents of Dodge City turned out to view the red man in his natural state. To complement the residents of Dodge City's visits to Fort Dodge, many of the Cheyennes spent several days in town going door-to-door, begging and periodically performing native dances for the gratification of their curious hosts. Unknown to the Dodge citizens, they would later have a second opportunity to behold many of these same Indians, but under considerably less amicable circumstances.
PART ONE:
Grim Realities and Gripping Battles of the Cheyenne Exodus: A Haunting Journey into Man's Inhumanity to Man
The Cheyenne Exodus, a tragic and heart-wrenching chapter in Native American history, stands as a stark reminder of man's inhumanity to man. This episode of our podcast dives deep into the grim realities faced by the Cheyennes as they were forcibly removed from their northern homes, and thrust into a journey marked by disease, despair, and death.
The Cheyennes had been reluctant to leave their northern homes. The assurance of their leading chiefs, including Standing Elk, Dolknife, Wild Hog, and Little Wolf, finally persuaded them. However, this relocation to the Cheyenne and Arapaho Agency under John D. Miles opened a new chapter of suffering for Dolknife's people. The Northern Cheyennes were disappointed with their new home and the treatment they received, prompting them to move away from the agency. Their desperate pleas for relief fell on deaf ears. They were essentially imprisoned, and 47 Cheyennes died that first winter in Oklahoma due to disease and starvation. |
Our episode further delves into the gripping events leading to the Battle of Turkey Springs. We shed light on the life of William Lewis, his West Point education, and his career fighting Native Americans. We take you into the heart of the action, following Captain Rendlebrock's command of two cavalry companies on a daring chase of the Cheyennes. The tense atmosphere of the parley that led to no peace, and the ensuing battle that left soldiers without water or ammunition, forms a significant part of this narrative.
The cooperation among frontier forts like Harker, Wallace, Fort Hayes, Lawrence, and Dodge during these perilous times is another crucial aspect explored in this episode. These forts provided mutual protection and support, becoming vital lifelines during the Cheyenne Exodus. Fort Harker, for instance, became the supply depot for all the forts out west. The overlapping radii of Fort Hayes and Fort Larnard, as well as Fort Harker and Fort Zara, illustrate the strategic cooperation among these frontier forts.Through our podcast, we aim to present a detailed and nuanced account of the Cheyenne Exodus and the Battle of Turkey Springs. The tale is a haunting retrospective, unraveling the tragic legacy of a people driven to desperation, and a testament to their resilience and courage. Tune in to journey through these turbulent times, and gain a deeper understanding of a significant part of Native American history.
The cooperation among frontier forts like Harker, Wallace, Fort Hayes, Lawrence, and Dodge during these perilous times is another crucial aspect explored in this episode. These forts provided mutual protection and support, becoming vital lifelines during the Cheyenne Exodus. Fort Harker, for instance, became the supply depot for all the forts out west. The overlapping radii of Fort Hayes and Fort Larnard, as well as Fort Harker and Fort Zara, illustrate the strategic cooperation among these frontier forts.Through our podcast, we aim to present a detailed and nuanced account of the Cheyenne Exodus and the Battle of Turkey Springs. The tale is a haunting retrospective, unraveling the tragic legacy of a people driven to desperation, and a testament to their resilience and courage. Tune in to journey through these turbulent times, and gain a deeper understanding of a significant part of Native American history.
Battle of Turkey SpringsThe Northern Cheyenne are escorted to the Darlington Reservation in Indian territory by way of Fort Dodge to Camp Supply, reaching the Cheyenne-Arapaho reservation on August 5, 1877. After reaching the reservation at Fort Reno, they were placed under the supervision of superintendent John Miles. The Northern Cheyenne noticed how poverty-stricken it was and began to fall sick in the late summer of 1877. As a result, the Cheyenne chiefs started the organization to move north, and on September 9, 1878, Little Wolf, Dull Knife, Wild Hog, and Left Hand told their people to organize to leave. The map to the left provides the exact location where the Cheyenne ambushed the military at Turkey Springs.
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PART TWO:
Battle Cries and Valiant Victories: The Gripping Tale of the Northern Cheyenne Exodus and Historic Showdown at Punished Woman's Fork
The 19th century was a time of tension, tumult, and transformation, particularly for the Northern Cheyenne, a formidable military group that undertook a daring exodus and faced numerous challenges along the way. This dramatic journey, filled with battle cries and valiant victories, was a pivotal moment in their history and is the focus of our latest podcast episode.
The Northern Cheyenne Exodus is a tale of incredible bravery and strategic mastery. Departing from the Darlington Reservation, a tightly-knit group consisting of 92 men, 120 women, 69 boys, and 79 girls embarked on a journey marked by theft and conflict. Despite being pursued by settlers and military personnel, the Northern Cheyenne's disciplined leadership and military tactics allowed them to successfully elude their pursuers. The journey through southwest Kansas was not without conflict. As the Northern Cheyenne moved through the region, they encountered resistance from local ranchers, leading to a number of deaths and heightening the tension in the area. Reports of Cheyenne sightings created fear among the citizens of Dodge City, prompting Colonel Lewis to take personal command. The anticipation and suspense reached its peak at the Punished Woman's Fork of the Smoky Hill River. Here, the Cheyenne prepared for a standoff against the soldiers. The ensuing Battle at the Canyon Rim was fraught with danger and displays of courage. |
Despite being knocked to the ground, Colonel Lewis rallied his men to fight, providing an in-depth demonstration of his leadership and courage. His final moments, his valiant attempt to retreat, and the ultimate victory of the Cheyenne were all a testament to the grit and resilience of this formidable group.
In the aftermath of the battle, the Cheyenne were forced to retreat, leaving their pack animals behind. Despite the setback, they managed to continue their journey northward. Meanwhile, news of the battle and the death of Colonel Lewis spread, casting a shadow over the events.
This podcast episode aims to provide an immersive experience that transports listeners back to this era. It's not just a retelling of historical events; it's a virtual journey that puts you right in the middle of the action, allowing you to witness the Northern Cheyenne Exodus and the unforgettable battles that marked this period. From the tense chase through southwest Kansas to the historic showdown at Punished Woman's Fork, this episode offers a gripping walk through history, one that is sure to leave a lasting impression.
In the aftermath of the battle, the Cheyenne were forced to retreat, leaving their pack animals behind. Despite the setback, they managed to continue their journey northward. Meanwhile, news of the battle and the death of Colonel Lewis spread, casting a shadow over the events.
This podcast episode aims to provide an immersive experience that transports listeners back to this era. It's not just a retelling of historical events; it's a virtual journey that puts you right in the middle of the action, allowing you to witness the Northern Cheyenne Exodus and the unforgettable battles that marked this period. From the tense chase through southwest Kansas to the historic showdown at Punished Woman's Fork, this episode offers a gripping walk through history, one that is sure to leave a lasting impression.
PART THREE:
Raids and Retaliation in Northwest Kansas: A Deep Dive into the Cheyenne Raids and their Tragic Backstory
The Cheyenne raids on Sapa Valley in northwest Kansas, which left many dead and violated, were not just random acts of violence. Detailed investigations by the Army and the State of Kansas, together with gripping firsthand accounts, suggest that these assaults on settlers and their property were responses to an attack on a Cheyenne village four years earlier.
The possible motives for the raids include the need to replenish their losses suffered at Punished Woman's Fork and revenge for an attack against the southern Cheyenne at the Battle of Sapa Creek. It is unclear why the northern Cheyenne became more violent during this part of their flight. Theories range from the need to gain horses and supplies to the desire for revenge.
The confusion surrounding the Cheyenne Indians' flight across Kansas and the unsuccessful attempts by the cavalry to capture them only add to the chaos of the period. The debate between humanitarians and settlers over what should be done with the Indians was intense, with settlers demanding justice for the atrocities committed.
The revolt at Fort Robinson, the short-lived freedom of the Cheyennes, and their eventual return to Indian Territory further complicated matters. The resistance of the Cheyennes at Fort Robinson led to a tragic loss of life, with approximately 170 men, women, and children fleeing into the frigid bluffs north of the post.
Cheyenne leader Dolknife's demand for the return of his people to their ancestral lands at a council at the Darlington Reservation is a poignant climax to this tale of raids, revenge, and redemption. Despite being knocked down by the head chief, Dolknife remained resolute in his demand, reflecting the determination of the Cheyenne people to return to their ancestral lands.
This historical narrative of the Cheyenne raids in northwest Kansas provides a stark reminder of the violent confrontations and broken promises that mark the history of the Cheyenne people. As we delve into the echoes of these battles, we come to understand the depths of their struggle and the tragic aftermath that still resonates today.
While this account may be a chilling journey through history, it is an essential exploration of the historical context that led to the Cheyenne raids. It sheds light on the desperate circumstances that may have driven the Cheyenne to resort to such violent means and the dire consequences of their actions. This episode serves as a testament to the resilience and endurance of the Cheyenne people, and their unyielding desire to return to their ancestral lands.
The possible motives for the raids include the need to replenish their losses suffered at Punished Woman's Fork and revenge for an attack against the southern Cheyenne at the Battle of Sapa Creek. It is unclear why the northern Cheyenne became more violent during this part of their flight. Theories range from the need to gain horses and supplies to the desire for revenge.
The confusion surrounding the Cheyenne Indians' flight across Kansas and the unsuccessful attempts by the cavalry to capture them only add to the chaos of the period. The debate between humanitarians and settlers over what should be done with the Indians was intense, with settlers demanding justice for the atrocities committed.
The revolt at Fort Robinson, the short-lived freedom of the Cheyennes, and their eventual return to Indian Territory further complicated matters. The resistance of the Cheyennes at Fort Robinson led to a tragic loss of life, with approximately 170 men, women, and children fleeing into the frigid bluffs north of the post.
Cheyenne leader Dolknife's demand for the return of his people to their ancestral lands at a council at the Darlington Reservation is a poignant climax to this tale of raids, revenge, and redemption. Despite being knocked down by the head chief, Dolknife remained resolute in his demand, reflecting the determination of the Cheyenne people to return to their ancestral lands.
This historical narrative of the Cheyenne raids in northwest Kansas provides a stark reminder of the violent confrontations and broken promises that mark the history of the Cheyenne people. As we delve into the echoes of these battles, we come to understand the depths of their struggle and the tragic aftermath that still resonates today.
While this account may be a chilling journey through history, it is an essential exploration of the historical context that led to the Cheyenne raids. It sheds light on the desperate circumstances that may have driven the Cheyenne to resort to such violent means and the dire consequences of their actions. This episode serves as a testament to the resilience and endurance of the Cheyenne people, and their unyielding desire to return to their ancestral lands.
The State of Kansas vs. Wild Hog
On February 15, 1879, Bassett, Sheriff Masterson, and others were at Fort Leavenworth to pick up seven Cheyenne prisoners from the military authorities. The Indians, members of Dull Knife's band, were accused of committing atrocities during their September 1878 flight across Kansas and were to be taken to Dodge City for trial. Wild West Podcast proudly presents “The State of Kansas vs. Wild Hog.” Stay tuned after the show for a special announcement.
Trials and Tribulations in the Wild West: The Riveting Journey of Northern Cheyenne Prisoners and their Legacy
In the latest episode of our podcast, we delve into the compelling narrative of the Northern Cheyenne people. Their riveting journey, marked by a westward migration and a heartrending tale of seven prisoners' voyage from Fort Leavenworth to Dodge City, unveils a chapter of history often overlooked. Through the lived experiences of Joe Little Coyote and Wesley Whiteman, we gain a deeper understanding of the trials and tribulations faced by the Northern Cheyenne people.
The Northern Cheyenne people have a rich history, characterized by a series of relocations and splits. Their journey from the Great Lakes area to the plains is a testament to their resilience. The story of their extradition to Dodge City, Kansas, for prosecution unveils the complexity of their relationship with the American authorities of the time. The trials they faced, particularly the seven prisoners' journey, present a stark picture of the era's justice system.
As we transition into the courtroom scene, we unravel the intricate legal proceedings during the trials of the Cheyenne prisoners. The relocation of the trial to Lawrence and the efforts of Eastern attorneys to assert the Cheyenne's innocence offer a nuanced perspective of the events. One intriguing aspect of the proceedings was the influence of Mike Sutton's courtship on the trial. Sutton, a prominent figure in the case, was simultaneously involved in a blossoming romantic relationship that seemingly impacted the course of the trial.
The Northern Cheyenne's legacy transcends their struggles and is beautifully encapsulated in their gifted drawings and beadwork. These works of art, presented to the mayor of Lawrence, serve as a testament to their cultural richness and artistic prowess. They provide a window into their experiences and perspectives, enriching our understanding of their history and way of life.
This episode is not just a narration of events, but an enlightening journey through the annals of history. The tale of the Northern Cheyenne is a poignant reminder of the resilience and enduring spirit of Indigenous people in the face of adversity. Their story is an integral part of the broader narrative of the Wild West, and it is our honor to bring it to light in this podcast.
So, join us on this captivating journey through history. Learn about the Northern Cheyenne's trials, their legal battles, and their enduring legacy. Delve into the past with us, and gain a deeper understanding of a people who have played a pivotal role in shaping the history of the Wild West.
The Northern Cheyenne people have a rich history, characterized by a series of relocations and splits. Their journey from the Great Lakes area to the plains is a testament to their resilience. The story of their extradition to Dodge City, Kansas, for prosecution unveils the complexity of their relationship with the American authorities of the time. The trials they faced, particularly the seven prisoners' journey, present a stark picture of the era's justice system.
As we transition into the courtroom scene, we unravel the intricate legal proceedings during the trials of the Cheyenne prisoners. The relocation of the trial to Lawrence and the efforts of Eastern attorneys to assert the Cheyenne's innocence offer a nuanced perspective of the events. One intriguing aspect of the proceedings was the influence of Mike Sutton's courtship on the trial. Sutton, a prominent figure in the case, was simultaneously involved in a blossoming romantic relationship that seemingly impacted the course of the trial.
The Northern Cheyenne's legacy transcends their struggles and is beautifully encapsulated in their gifted drawings and beadwork. These works of art, presented to the mayor of Lawrence, serve as a testament to their cultural richness and artistic prowess. They provide a window into their experiences and perspectives, enriching our understanding of their history and way of life.
This episode is not just a narration of events, but an enlightening journey through the annals of history. The tale of the Northern Cheyenne is a poignant reminder of the resilience and enduring spirit of Indigenous people in the face of adversity. Their story is an integral part of the broader narrative of the Wild West, and it is our honor to bring it to light in this podcast.
So, join us on this captivating journey through history. Learn about the Northern Cheyenne's trials, their legal battles, and their enduring legacy. Delve into the past with us, and gain a deeper understanding of a people who have played a pivotal role in shaping the history of the Wild West.
Cheyenne Exodus Timeline
JULY 1877
Northern Cheyenne arrive at Fort Dodge to be transported to Camp Supply Indian Territory
AUGUST 5, 1877
Northern Cheyenne arrive at Fort Reno and turned over to the Darlington Reservation
JANUARY 20, 1877
Thirty destitute Cheyenne appear at the gates to Camp Supply, having been robbed of their twenty- six horses. Deputy marshals searched the hills and ravines around the camp to no avail. The herd appeared in Dodge City, seventy miles north of Camp Supply, where buyers offered a “no questions asked” market for horses stolen from the Indians.
JULY 1878
Dull Knife went to John Miles and said that army officers at Fort Robinson had assured him that he could return north again if he became dissatisfied with Darlington. Dull Knife asserted that his band was dying from the measles epidemic in the spring, coupled with a high infant mortality.
SEPTEMBER 9, 1878
346 of Dull Knife’s people abandoned their camp, leaving their fires burning brightly, and headed north. Unseen by any guard or sentry, they melted into the morning stillness and moved swiftly along the North Canadian River.
SEPTEMBER 10, 1878
In the early morning the band fled up the North Canadian River. By 3 AM the alarm was sounded that the Cheyenne were gone. Passing the present sites of Watonga, Oklahoma and Canton, Oklahoma they crossed north over the watershed into the Cimarron Basin, crossing the Cimarron River in the evening. There, near the present site of Freedom, Oklahoma, they rested then trailed 11 miles up Turkey Creek to Turkey Springs. After a few hours rest there, Dull Knife and a few others led the women and children on to St. Jacob's Well and The Big Basin in what is now Clark County, Kansas, where they camped.
SEPTEMBER 13 & 14, 1878
The Cheyenne, anticipating pursuit, prepared an ambush at Turkey Springs. While one band prepared rifle pits at the springs, other bands fanned out over the country looking for supplies. In one case, attacking and killing two cowboys, they obtained two mules. In another, attacking some cowboys during breakfast, they obtained both some food and a Sharps carbine.
SEPTEMBER 16, 1878
A courier from the besieged command at Turkey Creek reached Camp Supply at 9 a.m.. Major Hambright ordered a medical officer and an ambulance into the field to meet Rendlebrock and bring in the wounded. Several hours later the command staggered into Camp Supply, bearing three killed and three wounded. The unofficial count of Indian casualties was thought to be fifteen killed, about thirty wounded and some twenty odd ponies killed.
SEPTEMBER 16, 1878
Near Bluff Creek camp, a courier arrived at 2 a.m., and reported Koller's Ranch, twenty-four miles to the Southeast, had been raided the night before. At daylight the command started for the ranch, where they arrived at 3 p.m. While circling for a trail, six Indians were spotted, but upon chase they disappeared into the hills. Hemphill's troops remained at the ranch the night of the 16th.
SEPTEMBER 18, 1878
Captain Charles E. Morse and a company of the Sixteenth Infantry arrived by rail from Fort Riley, Kansas at Fort Dodge at 10 a.m., September 18. When Captain Hemphill and Company I, Fourth Cavalry arrived the next day. Captain Morse assumed command of the combined force.
SEPTEMBER 19, 1878
A party of about thirty-five citizens from Dodge City boarded the troop train of the Santa Fe line, and departed with Morse at 9 a.m. for Pierceville, Kansas, some forty miles west of Fort Dodge.
SEPTEMBER 27, 1878
After crossing the Arkansas River, the Cheyenne were followed closely by a mixed command of 238 soldiers of the 19th Infantry and 4th Cavalry under Lieutenant Colonel William H. Lewis of the 19th Infantry. The Cheyenne prepared an ambush in a canyon on Punished Woman's Fork (north of present-day Scott City, Kansas), but it was aborted due to an over-eager brave who fired on the scouts before the ambush was sprung.
Northern Cheyenne arrive at Fort Dodge to be transported to Camp Supply Indian Territory
AUGUST 5, 1877
Northern Cheyenne arrive at Fort Reno and turned over to the Darlington Reservation
JANUARY 20, 1877
Thirty destitute Cheyenne appear at the gates to Camp Supply, having been robbed of their twenty- six horses. Deputy marshals searched the hills and ravines around the camp to no avail. The herd appeared in Dodge City, seventy miles north of Camp Supply, where buyers offered a “no questions asked” market for horses stolen from the Indians.
JULY 1878
Dull Knife went to John Miles and said that army officers at Fort Robinson had assured him that he could return north again if he became dissatisfied with Darlington. Dull Knife asserted that his band was dying from the measles epidemic in the spring, coupled with a high infant mortality.
SEPTEMBER 9, 1878
346 of Dull Knife’s people abandoned their camp, leaving their fires burning brightly, and headed north. Unseen by any guard or sentry, they melted into the morning stillness and moved swiftly along the North Canadian River.
SEPTEMBER 10, 1878
In the early morning the band fled up the North Canadian River. By 3 AM the alarm was sounded that the Cheyenne were gone. Passing the present sites of Watonga, Oklahoma and Canton, Oklahoma they crossed north over the watershed into the Cimarron Basin, crossing the Cimarron River in the evening. There, near the present site of Freedom, Oklahoma, they rested then trailed 11 miles up Turkey Creek to Turkey Springs. After a few hours rest there, Dull Knife and a few others led the women and children on to St. Jacob's Well and The Big Basin in what is now Clark County, Kansas, where they camped.
SEPTEMBER 13 & 14, 1878
The Cheyenne, anticipating pursuit, prepared an ambush at Turkey Springs. While one band prepared rifle pits at the springs, other bands fanned out over the country looking for supplies. In one case, attacking and killing two cowboys, they obtained two mules. In another, attacking some cowboys during breakfast, they obtained both some food and a Sharps carbine.
SEPTEMBER 16, 1878
A courier from the besieged command at Turkey Creek reached Camp Supply at 9 a.m.. Major Hambright ordered a medical officer and an ambulance into the field to meet Rendlebrock and bring in the wounded. Several hours later the command staggered into Camp Supply, bearing three killed and three wounded. The unofficial count of Indian casualties was thought to be fifteen killed, about thirty wounded and some twenty odd ponies killed.
SEPTEMBER 16, 1878
Near Bluff Creek camp, a courier arrived at 2 a.m., and reported Koller's Ranch, twenty-four miles to the Southeast, had been raided the night before. At daylight the command started for the ranch, where they arrived at 3 p.m. While circling for a trail, six Indians were spotted, but upon chase they disappeared into the hills. Hemphill's troops remained at the ranch the night of the 16th.
SEPTEMBER 18, 1878
Captain Charles E. Morse and a company of the Sixteenth Infantry arrived by rail from Fort Riley, Kansas at Fort Dodge at 10 a.m., September 18. When Captain Hemphill and Company I, Fourth Cavalry arrived the next day. Captain Morse assumed command of the combined force.
SEPTEMBER 19, 1878
A party of about thirty-five citizens from Dodge City boarded the troop train of the Santa Fe line, and departed with Morse at 9 a.m. for Pierceville, Kansas, some forty miles west of Fort Dodge.
SEPTEMBER 27, 1878
After crossing the Arkansas River, the Cheyenne were followed closely by a mixed command of 238 soldiers of the 19th Infantry and 4th Cavalry under Lieutenant Colonel William H. Lewis of the 19th Infantry. The Cheyenne prepared an ambush in a canyon on Punished Woman's Fork (north of present-day Scott City, Kansas), but it was aborted due to an over-eager brave who fired on the scouts before the ambush was sprung.